Foreign Corrupt Practices Act - 836 Words

Shivangi Patel LAW 110 – MO1 Vincent Petraro Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was introduced in 1977.It was made effective from December 19, 1977. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act applies to all citizen of United State and certain foreign issuers of security and foreign companies. The Minor changes were made in the year 1988 and in 1998.Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has two main Provision (a)Accounting Transparency under Securities Exchange Commission, 1934. (b)Bribery of Foreign Officials. Department of Justice (DOJ)and Securities Exchange Commission(SEC) are responsible for enforcement of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Powerful influence of both Department of Justice and Securities Exchange Commission†¦show more content†¦However, due to enforcement of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the US exports decreased which also resulted in decrease of Foreign Direct Investment because Foreign Corrupt Practices Act discourages firms from investing in foreign markets. Companies engaging in mergers and acquisition in emerging markets face uniquely increased level of regulatory and corruption risk. This is mainly due to three reasons: 1) In many foreign countries, informal payments substitute for formal economic institutions familiar to enforcement officials in developed countries, implying that on formal payments reduce US companies access to foreign economic institutions. 2) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement imposes direct cost on international investment through fines. Profit disgorgement, and reputational degradation that occurs when companies are targeted by Department of Justice and Securities Exchange Commission. Also, agencies possess enormous scope while deciding which payments are to be classified as bribes. 3) The lack of clarity of informal payments which triggers increase in legal defense, and due diligence spending by US multinational it raises the cost of investing in the foreign markets. To compete in global markets US firms were trying to subvert anti-bribery legislation. They can substitute financial contribution for hiring additional labors. Thus, they would reduce capital- to-labor-ratio. American firmsShow MoreRelatedThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has been pursued by government agencies recently as the SEC, the FBI, and Department of Justice are cracking down on international business corruption. Companies are working harder at expanding economically in the market by doing business with individuals and other companies in foreign countries. Foreign countries are not always in compliance with US laws and regulations, causing US companies who deal with them issues with compliance on the home front. Because ofRead More The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe foreign Corrupt Practices Act prohibits paying or offering anything of value to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping a business. The FCPA was enacted by congress in 1977 due to various reports that were made by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) reported different issues concerning bribery and illegal payments by United Sates companies. The FCPA states that it’s unlawful to make payments to foreign officials; having a corruptRead MoreForeign Corrupt Practices Act :1275 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT 1 FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT BUSINESS LAW Katherine Hall-Blair Keiser University FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT 2 FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT In the face of improper payments to officials abroad, the United States introduced the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977. This act was a pioneer step for the government of the United States to combat illegal bribes by not only U.S. companies, but overseas companiesRead MoreThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1320 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (â€Å"FCPA†) is the first globally enforcing statute making anti-corruption effort in the world. It has been known for the broad enforcement coverage in terms of the worldwide governing jurisdiction and anti-gaming legislative approach leading to a long time debates and discussions among practitioners and law commentators. This paper will focus on improving one of the undefined and broadly interpreted terms - â€Å"instrumentality† in the anti-bribery provisionsRead MoreForeign Corrupt Practices Act1207 Words   |  5 PagesFCPA PAPER The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) evolved from investigations by the Office of the Special Prosecutor that provided evidence of illegal acts perpetrated by U.S. firms in foreign lands. More than 400 U.S. companies admitted to making questionable payments to various foreign governments and political parties as part of an amnesty program (U.S. Department of Justice http://www.usdoj.gov). Given the environment of the 1970s and the proliferation of white-collar crimes (e.gRead MoreThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1181 Words   |  5 PagesWhile reading this case analysis, The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act came into discussion as an underlying factor in Weihardt’s decision. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was enacted for the purpose of making it unlawful for certain classes of persons and entities to make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business. This practice applies to Weinhardt in the fact that he was given the oppor tunity to give Lee a bribe to obtain Lees’ business. If WeinhardtRead MoreThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act654 Words   |  3 PagesThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 and the corresponding amendments set forth by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 and Amendments of 1998 have tremendous ramifications for U.S. multinational companies at large, their subsidiaries, and foreign partners.   While the main purpose of the original policy was to make it â€Å"unlawful to bribe foreign government officials to obtain or retain business†, the many statutes, their exceptionsRead MoreThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1028 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems. Such is the case with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act - passed with the purpose of keeping companies that do business in the US ethical in their business dealings. The main purpose of the act is to prevent companies from paying bribes to foreign officials, though there are other provisions included. It is only fitting that Wal-Mart, the largest retail store in the United States (2013 Top Global Retailers) has had allegations of wron gdoing related to the act. Wal-Mart was reported to haveRead MoreThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Of 19771104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) evolved from investigations by the Office of the Special Prosecutor that provided evidence of illegal acts perpetrated by U.S. firms in foreign lands. More than 400 U.S. companies admitted to making questionable payments to various foreign governments and political parties as part of an amnesty program (U.S. Department of Justice http://www.usdoj.gov). Given the environment of the 1970s and the proliferation of white-collar crimes (e.g., insider tradingRead MoreEssay On Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1405 Words   |  6 PagesVu Le Vu LGLS 3562 Michael Valenza December 7th, 2017 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) FCPA Background The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the â€Å"FCPA† or the â€Å"Act†) is one of the primary statutes in the U.S. for fighting against corruption around the world. After the Watergate scandals and revelation of widespread corruption and bribery all over the globe by U.S companies, the FCPA was established in 1977 by Congress [1]. Before passing the FCPA, the government found that more than 400 companies

Intersectionality - 715 Words

Intersectionality of Gender Inequality Name: Institution: Intersectionality of Gender Inequality For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolated scenarios. However, as the need to foster gender equality took pace, such oppressive actions are now perceived as elements of a wider system of dominance in the society that that needs to be addressed as a whole rather than in singularity†¦show more content†¦I had a firsthand experience with the intricacies surrounding the issue of gender inequality in the workplace in Asia. I had a placement in one corporation in Hong Kong, and there was no female employee in the senior management. Although there exist legal apparatus to accord female employees equal opportunities at the workplace, many corporate risk legal suits fo r denying female employees their fair share of the job opportunities in the fear of losing their market. Social constructs and religious doctrines are so entrenched in Asian societies to the extent that accompany with many female senior employees can lose their market. Therefore, tackling the issue of gender inequality in the workplace should entail the analysis of all oppressive institutions in that society rather than tackling the problem of the inequality in isolation (Crenshaw et al., 2013). Reference Crenshaw et al (2013). Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis. Chicago: The University of ChicagoShow MoreRelatedTheories of Intersectionality and Oppression1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthat all oppressions are inherently linked underlies the theory of intersectionality that implies interactions of multiple systems of oppression, discrimination, and exclusion. Although we have been exposed to an extraordinarily wide variety of literature throughout the semester, with various standpoints, from very different regions of the world– the one unique concept in which they share is this underlying theme of intersectionality. In their own way, each author points out that we must recognizeRead MoreIntersectionality : A Primer By Christine Emba1756 Words   |  8 PagesGWS 10 Midterm #1 Part 1: Intersectionality 1) The term intersectionality is a concept that is new to me, but gives me a deeper understanding of how people are strongly affected not only by one form of discrimination, but by multiple forms simultaneously. The reading Intersectionality: A primer by Christine Emba defines intersectionality as a term used to describe and recognize how race, class, and gender are separate categories that can overlap and intersect (Emba, 2015). Many times these categoriesRead MoreIntersectionality Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesI will try to explain intersectionality. First of all you need to know what intersectionality is. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework which explains violence or discrimination against humans. Now I will give you an example and then try to connect it to intersectionality. I will use an example of spider web to explain this theory. This example will give you some idea about intersectionality. Think about a spider web. A Point in the centre and all threads connected t o each other. If we removeRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesBerlyn Valdez WGS 150 October 16, 2017 Midterm Essay Intersectionality The term intersectionality is a very complex word with room for an open range for multiple definitions. Intersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucialRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminism began emerging. It was not until Kimberlà © Crenshaw introduced the term â€Å"intersectionality† in 1989 that feminism started to look at oppressed group’s needs (Nash, 2008, 2). Intersectionality is a way of thinking that acknowledges that when a person has identities that belong to more than one oppressed group, it impacts their quality of life more negatively. In this paper, I will argue that intersectionality is important in the discussion of feminist theor ies and activism because it ensuresRead MoreTheu.s. Bernard s Lecture Notes, And Class Discussions952 Words   |  4 PagesThis week readings, lecture notes, and class discussions, reminded me of my experience with intersectionality in United States. Arriving in American in 1979, my first encounter of intersectionality was in my junior high school, where my race, gender, and culture had a negative role to play in my life. First, on preparing to emigrate to American with my family, my older sisters and I had our hair platted in cornrows with colorful beads, not knowing the negative impact it might evoke upon arrivingRead MoreFeminism, By Simone Beauvoir Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesas inferior. Thus, the reason why a woman is defined as the other is because man has set himself against her for he does not want to be equal to a woman. Question two Kimberle Crenshaw used intersectionality theory to show how gender and race discrimination was experienced by black women. Intersectionality is a theory that studies overlapping discrimination. In her study, the author noted that black women faced gender and race-based discrimination, especially in the work place. If black women hadRead MoreUnspeakable Conversations By Harriet Mcbryde Johnson1184 Words   |  5 Pagessocially permitted against them because they are the deviants of society (Young 53). In our society, the stigma of disability has been socially constructed and disabled people have long been discriminated (Wendell 101). In Vivian May’s essay on Intersectionality, one critical practice is that it can â€Å"challenge false universal and highlighting omissions built into the social order and intellectual practices† and Johnson follows this practice in â€Å"Unspeakable Conversations† (May 81). Harriet McBryde JohnsonRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism 1245 Words   |  5 Pages and economic rights. There were many feminist that fought hard. Mary Wollenstonecraft, considerably protested against the stereotyping of women in domestic roles. In Britain, the suffragettes campaigned for the right to vote ( Feminism and Intersectionality, 2017). According to Krolokke and Scott, the second wave of feminism began in 1960 and lasted through the late 1980’s. This period was concurrent with the anti-war and civil rights movements. Still persistent issues that existed from the firstRead MoreThe Intersection Of Race And Sex1329 Words   |  6 PagesIntersectionality is defined by social categories, such as race and gender that have interconnected to apply to individuals and groups, causing an overlap, which has consequently created a system of discrimination and disadvantages (English Oxford Living Dictionary, 2016). Kimberle Crenshaw coined the term in her article ‘Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Anti-racist Politics’ (1889) whereby her main focus

The Quality Management Controlled Trial Literature

Question: Describe about The Quality Management of Controlled Trial Literature. Answer: Introduction: The study includes the process of managing the quality of the project. John is not allowing any kind of extra allowance of capital because of economic recession. The organization, after conducting a bi-monthly meeting, has decided that the scope of the project is going to be compromised. The quality management is going to be used by the project manager for making the project successful after eliminating the least required functional requirements. The study reflects the description of using the quality management in the project. Quality Management is that get-together, furthermore organization about every last bit activities went to that era of quality toward cooperation for separate sorts. In the exhibit case, this infers the presentation and fitting running of a caliber framework Previously, Examine offices (Sallis 2014). A publication from claiming focuses What's more technique will convey personal satisfaction ought should a chance to be committed to the companionship or office worried. Quality Management Process: Quality Planning: The scope of the project is right now is to make the system with quality without concerning the small functional requirements. The organizations environmental factor that is affecting the project is having less amount of capital. For that reason, John cannot allow the project manager to hire any staff against Bill. The standards that are to be maintained for the success of the project are such as the use of proper theme and plug-in. In addition with that, the user testing portion will be minimized to the lowest level and the time and resource will be enhanced in the development phase. It is because cross checking the system and re-contraction of it is more effort and time consuming. The team will be concentrating on completing the development for meeting the requirement as much possible. For meeting the customer satisfaction the team will be concentrating on making the most useful requirements as flexible as possible. As the cost of maintaining the quality have not been approved by the organization it has to less in quality than it was proposed. But the overall quality will be maintained. Quality Control: Quality Standards: The quality standards that are needed to be considered are such as edit cart button, subtotal button, proceed to checkout button, cart items, product search design, the menu for reaching other pages and at last contact feature. These features of the e-commerce website are enough to meeting the basic requirement of the project as per the current devastating situation. Product Description: As the design part of the system is already complete, so the organization is considering on completing the site with making changes in the development phase. The product will be consisting of the basic functional requirements as described above. The products will be properly showed on the page with a search option. The subcategories will be omitted. Every page regarding the product will consist of technical specifications and photographs of the product. Cart option will be given on the website, but the promo code application feature will not be integrated. Checkout out option will be provided within the page. Individual contact page will also be provided within the system. Quality Register: QUALITY REGISTER FORM [001] Ref: Management of Quality Version: 1 Programme Name: E-Commerce Web Site Project Name: ToysRus E-Commerce Website Quality Identifier: Eliminating least required functionalities Integration of Required requirements Minimization of the flexibility of the site Product Identifier: Eliminating cart message option Integrating the cart and search option as per product description Eliminating the option of subcategory Product Title: ToysRus Quality Method: Quality planning, quality maintaining, review of functional requirements, verifications, testing, and auditing. Roles/Responsibilities: For quality planning senior management and project manager and Web Manager For quality maintaining project manager For a review of functional requirement project manager and web manager. For verifications project manager For testing web manager For auditing senior management and project manager Result: As per the current status, the result of the quality management is good. The development of the site is going well. Quality Records: Currently, the development phase is not complete, so the test of the product is not required. The development is going as per the re-proposed requirement. DATES Planned Forecast Actual Quality Activity 1. Quality planning 2. Review of functional requirement 3.Verification 4. Testing 5. Auditing 17.6.16 20.6.16 21.6.2016 23.6.2016 28.6.2016 26.7.16 29.7.16 30.7.16 31.7.16 3.8.16 Sign-Off Complete of Quality Assessment 30.6.2016 4.8.16 Definition of Quality Methods: Selection of Candidate Variable: conceivable reactions for extensive target quality assessment with negligible evaluator judgments around quality criteria are known as the selection of candidate variable. The composition of the Checklists: The design of the checklist is done for reflecting the best methodologies that the organization is using for making the e-commerce website of the ToysRus. Pilot Testing: The pilot test is done as per the created checklist that has been described earlier. The outcomes of a pilot test are credibility test regarding each quality criteria, reliability evaluation, and revision of the appraisals. Metrics to Be Employed: The metrics that will be employed are as following: Requirements and Requirement Coverage: The requirement of the product will be re-considered as the scope of the project is being compromised (Kerzner 2013). Defect Distribution by Status and Phase: The quality maintenance aspect comes into this part of the activity. From the initiation of the project to the closing part the whole process will be checked for quality (Trinkenreich et al. 2015). Defect Open And Close Rates: If there occur numerous defects in the product at the different stages of the development then it will be categorized in open and close (Kerzner 2013). Execution Trends by Status and By User: This metric will be conducted for identifying the tests that have been conducted by the quality assessment team (Trinkenreich et al. 2015). Quality Assurance: Responsibility of Project Board: The project board will be responsible for the success of the project success. They are responsible for making the chances more for both the project supplier and user. The board will be chaired by senior management. The senior management will be responsible for taking the decisions that are related to the project. Compliance audits: Examining regulatory compliances: The organization is following the local, federal and state laws that apply to the business that is applicable to them. They are not copying any kind of code or design from any other copyrighted website (Islam 2015). The full development of the project is unique, and it is applicable for copyright. Satisfying IRS: According to Arra et al. (2013) IRS is also referred as Internal Revenue Service. The agents of the IRS are responsible for examining the business tax returns for gauging the compliance with the internal revenue cost. Conducting state income tax and sales tax audits: This type of audit is done by the state department revenue worker (Islam 2015). Tools and Techniques: That ISO 9001:2008 caliber administration framework will be utilized for looking after that nature of the one task (Ismyrlis, Moschidis and Tsiotras 2015). ISO 9001:2008 determines necessities for a caliber organization skeleton the place a cooperation necessities will show its ability will provide for dependably thing that meets customer Also important statutory What's more managerial prerequisites, What's more means should overhaul customer devotion through the feasible use of the framework, including manifestations to incessant transform of the schema and the insistence from claiming conformity on customer and proper statutory and managerial necessities. Constantly on necessities of ISO 9001:2008 need aid nonspecific and are suggested to make material should constantly on associations, paying minimal personality should sort, measure Furthermore thing offered. The place any requirements for ISO 9001:2008 can't make associated due to those method for an cooperation Furthermore its item, this might make viewed as for shirking (Ismyrlis, Moschidis and Tsiotras 2015). The place avoidances would made, cases for conformity on ISO 9001:2008 are not deserving unless these prohibitions need aid confined, and such rejections don't impact the association's capacity, or obligation, to provide for those thing that meets customer Furthermore important statutory What's more managerial prerequisites (Psomas, Pantouvakis and Kafetzopoulos 2013). Records: The quality records such as personal responsibilities, technical charts such as the features of the product, quality control test record, and procedures for making the product as flexible as possible. The records will be stored in the central database of the organization. The quality register will be provided to the higher management as a document. Reporting: Process Purpose Timing Recipients Quality Planning For making maintaining the identified project requirements properly for making the work more complete. 3 Days Project Team Review of functional requirement Check whether the recognized requirements are as per the required requirements. 1 Day Project Team Verification Verification of the project progress 1 Day Senior Management and project manager Testing Test of the developed project 3 Days Project Team Auditing 1 day Senior Management and government staffs Roles and Responsibilities: Quality Management Phase Role Responsibility Quality Planning For applying the identified result in the right way Project Team Review of functional requirement Integrating the proper functions Senior management Verification Guiding the project in the right way Senior management Testing Finding the flaws in the product Web Manager Auditing Following legislations Senior management References: Arra, I., Velker, V., Sexton, T., Rotenberg, B.W., Gabriel, B.R. and Rodrigues, G., 2013. A CONSORT Clinical Trial Reporting Compliance Audit of the Oncology Randomized Controlled Trial Literature.Cureus,5(3). Islam, M.A., 2015. Overview. InSocial Compliance Accounting(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Ismyrlis, V., Moschidis, O. and Tsiotras, G., 2015. Critical success factors examined in ISO 9001: 2008-certified Greek companies using multidimensional statistics.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,32(2), pp.114-131. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Psomas, E.L., Pantouvakis, A. and Kafetzopoulos, D.P., 2013. The impact of ISO 9001 effectiveness on the performance of service companies.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,23(2), pp.149-164. Sallis, E., 2014.Total quality management in education. Routledge. Trinkenreich, B., Santos, G., Confort, V. and Santoro, F., 2015. Toward using business process intelligence to support incident management metrics selection and service improvement. In27th International Conference Software Engineering Knowledge Engineering, Pittsburg, USA.

Leisure Essays - Leisure, Quality Of Life, Working Time, Retirement

Leisure John Bell Sociology 2/10/00 Where Is All My Time At? Leisure is defined as freedom from the demands of work or duty. Everybody needs leisure in their lives, to balance the stress of work and life. Leisure helps re-energize and relax people, so they can perform activities well in their lives. People use their free time (leisure time) in a variety of different ways; engaging in outdoor activities, entertainment like watching movies or television, or just having time to themselves.. Another activity people enjoy doing is just socializing with family and friends. Leisure is an essential part of our lives, and the only problem with leisure is when can we enjoy it? In our society we have a hard time finding time to relax and take a break from our stressful lives. The amount of leisure time a person has can be related to the type of person that certain individual is. There are many factors in which you can take in account: age, marital status, gender, families, etc. These factors figure into the certain stage of a persons life. There are three stages, beginning, mid-career, and near-retirement. The beginning stage involves people from the ages ranging from 19-30 years old. These individuals are just beginning their careers and are striving to be successful. They spend more time focusing on their job, trying to find ways to advance, and less time relaxing and enjoying leisure time. They compensate their leisure time for their careers. Mid-career stage includes individuals ranging from 30-50 years old. In this stage people have been in their field for some years and are settled down with families. In this time of their lives they will be looking for more leisure time, because they are going to want time away from work and time to be with their families. They basically know what their status is at their job and now find time to slow down and start focusing on other aspects in their lives. They might do this by cutting back on the hours they work a week. The near-retirement stage are individuals ranging from the ages of 50 and up. These people are on the verge of retirement and are planning what to do with the rest of their lives. After their careers are over they are going to have nothing but time on they hands. At this point of there careers they are working lesser hours and responsibility at their job is decreasing. This helps make the transition from working to retirement much easier. I made a survey and issued it to three people who fall into the three stages. The survey consisted of a variety of question like age, gender, occupation, wages, leisure time, and activities. The first individual who took the survey fell into the beginning stage. This person is a twenty one year old black male. He is a full time student at Illinois State and workers part time as a life guard at a indoor pool. He is not married and has no children. He works twenty plus hours a week and only makes $6.30 a hour. He works five days a week, but sometimes takes morning shifts on Saturdays. He considered leisure as any time away from work and school. He said he does not get a lot of leisure time, because he does not have any time to just relax. He has class all morning then in the evening he works and comes home and studies. The only leisure time he has is over the weekends. That time does not compensate for the stressful hours of work and school during the week. The survey of this individual from the beginning stage has shown me that being a full time study and working part time, leaves basically no leisure time. Also, shows how people in the beginning stage have no time to relax, because their schedules are so busy. Next I gave a survey to an individual in the mid-career stage. This individual was a forty year old Black male. He is married and has four children who ages range from nineteen to twenty six years old. He works construction and earns $40 plus an hour and works 30 hours a week. He said he has leisure and he uses it. He goes to bars with CO-workers after work some days, or comes home and socializes with his family. He said his leisure time is any time with family and friends and away from work. He said